{"id":131,"date":"2026-02-26T10:36:24","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T10:36:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/?page_id=131"},"modified":"2026-02-27T08:46:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T08:46:16","slug":"indicadors-de-volatilitat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/indicadors-de-volatilitat\/","title":{"rendered":"Indicadors t\u00e8cnics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els indicadors t\u00e8cnics s\u00f3n eines que ajuden a interpretar el comportament dels preus en els mercats financers. S&#8217;utilitzen per identificar tend\u00e8ncies, mesurar la volatilitat, avaluar la for\u00e7a del moviment dels preus i analitzar el volum de negociaci\u00f3. Podem classificar-los en quatre categories principals:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indicadors de tend\u00e8ncia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indicadors de volatilitat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indicadors de for\u00e7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indicadors de volum<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara es veuran els m\u00e9s importants de cada tipus breument i a la part pr\u00e0ctica es veuran amb m\u00e9s detall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>2.1.1 Indicadors de tend\u00e8ncia<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquests indicadors ens ajuden a determinar la direcci\u00f3 general del mercat, ja sigui a l&#8217;al\u00e7a, a la baixa o lateral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SMA (Simple Moving Average)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La mitjana m\u00f2bil simple (SMA) \u00e9s el preu mitj\u00e0 d&#8217;un actiu durant un per\u00edode espec\u00edfic. Aix\u00f2 ajuda a suavitzar les fluctuacions de preus i identificar tend\u00e8ncies. La seva f\u00f3rmula ve donada per:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"89\" src=\"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3.png 506w, https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-3-300x53.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">on P<sub>i<\/sub>\u200b \u00e9s el preu de tancament en la unitat de temps i, sent P<sub>1<\/sub>\u200b el m\u00e9s recent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>EMA (Exponential Moving Average)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La mitjana m\u00f2bil exponencial (EMA) de n per\u00edodes d\u00f3na m\u00e9s pes als preus recents, fent-la m\u00e9s sensible als canvis recents en el preu. La seva f\u00f3rmula ve donada per:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"392\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2.png 392w, https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2-300x51.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">on =2n+1 i P<sub>t<\/sub>\u200b \u00e9s el preu de tancament a temps t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Awesome Oscillator (AO)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;AO mesura l&#8217;impuls del mercat comparant dues mitjanes m\u00f2bils simples (SMA) de 5 i 34 per\u00edodes, calculades sobre els punts mitjans de les barres. La seva f\u00f3rmula \u00e9s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>AO = SMA<\/em><em><sub>5<\/sub><\/em><em>(puntmitja) &#8211; SMA<\/em><em><sub>34<\/sub><\/em><em>(puntmitja)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">on puntmitja = (High+Low)\/2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x325.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x325.png 1024w, https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-768x244.png 768w, https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4.png 1260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figura 3. Indicadors AO i EMA30 (font pr\u00f2pia:<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ErikSH24\/TDR-Forex\/blob\/main\/notebooks\/2.-%20Indicadors.ipynb\">Gr\u00e0fic generat amb python<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>2.1.2 Indicadors de volatilitat<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest tipus d\u2019indicadors mesuren la magnitud de les fluctuacions de preus, ajudant a identificar per\u00edodes de mercat calmat o vol\u00e0til. Per exemple:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Desviaci\u00f3 est\u00e0ndard (STD)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La desviaci\u00f3 est\u00e0ndard mesura la dispersi\u00f3 dels preus respecte a la seva mitjana. Una desviaci\u00f3 alta indica alta volatilitat; una baixa, baixa volatilitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bollinger Bands (BB)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les Bollinger Bands s\u00f3n un indicador t\u00e8cnic de volatilitat que es basen en tres l\u00ednies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mitjana m\u00f2bil simple (SMA): normalment de 20 per\u00edodes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Banda superior: SMA + 2 desviacions est\u00e0ndard.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Banda inferior: SMA &#8211; 2 desviacions est\u00e0ndard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>2.1.3 Indicadors de for\u00e7a<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest tipus d\u2019indicadors avaluen la for\u00e7a o debilitat d&#8217;una tend\u00e8ncia, ajudant a identificar possibles punts de gir. Per exemple:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>RSI (Relative Strength Index)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;RSI mesura la velocitat i el canvi dels moviments de preus, oscil\u00b7lant entre 0 i 100. Valors superiors a 70 poden indicar sobrecompra; i inferiors a 30, sobrevenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>MACD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El MACD mostra la relaci\u00f3 entre dues mitjanes m\u00f2bils exponencials (EMA). \u00c9s \u00fatil per detectar canvis en la for\u00e7a, direcci\u00f3 i durada d\u2019una tend\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>2.1.4 Indicadors de volum<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest tipus d\u2019indicadors analitzen el volum de negociaci\u00f3 per confirmar tend\u00e8ncies o anticipar canvis en el preu. Per exemple:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Volume Oscillator<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquest indicador mostra la difer\u00e8ncia entre dues mitjanes m\u00f2bils del volum, i ajuda a identificar canvis en la for\u00e7a del moviment del preu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Els indicadors t\u00e8cnics s\u00f3n eines que ajuden a interpretar el comportament dels preus en els mercats financers. S&#8217;utilitzen per identificar tend\u00e8ncies, mesurar la volatilitat, avaluar la for\u00e7a del moviment dels preus i analitzar el volum de negociaci\u00f3. Podem classificar-los en quatre categories principals: Ara es veuran els m\u00e9s importants de cada tipus breument i a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-131","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":208,"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/131\/revisions\/208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sistemestradingtdr.cat\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}